The Indigenous People’s Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA), officially designated as Republic Act No. 8371, is a Philippine law that recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities and indigenous peoples in the Philippines.

Energy diplomacy is a form of diplomacy, and a subfield of international relations. It is closely related to its principal, foreign policy, and to overall national security, specifically energy security. Energy diplomacy began in the first half of the twentieth century and emerged as a term during the second oil crisis as a means of describing OPEC’s actions. It has since mainly focused on the securitization of energy supplies, primarily fossil fuels, but also nuclear energy and increasingly sustainable energy, on a country or bloc basis.

The law which governs cooperatives, prior to the recent enactment of Republic Act No. 9520 (“Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008“), is Republic Act No. 6938 (“Cooperative Code of the Philippines”). Here’s a basic discussion on the new law (a more extensive primer will subsequently be released, initially made available to clients).